WCRI - Workers Compensation Research Institute

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Longer-Term Dispensing of Opioids, 4th Edition

The study examines the prevalence and trends of longer-term dispensing of opioids in 26 state workers’ compensation systems. It also documents how often the services (i.e., drug testing, psychological…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks, 18th Edition

These reports can help identify changes over time in the provision of workers’ compensation medical care; detect areas where medical payments per claim, prices, or utilization may be higher or…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Wisconsin, 18th Edition

This report examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Wisconsin and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Virginia, 18th Edition

This study provides information for Virginia policymakers and stakeholders on various components of workers’ compensation medical payments and on drivers of changes in medical costs per claim…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Texas, 18th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Texas and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Pennsylvania, 18th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other stakeholders identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in payments, prices, and utilization of medical services among nonhospital and hospital providers…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for New Jersey, 18th Edition

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for North Carolina, 18th Edition

In this study, we examine medical payments, prices, and utilization in North Carolina and compare them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Minnesota, 18th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Minnesota and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Michigan, 18th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Michigan compared with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Massachusetts, 18th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Massachusetts compared with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Kentucky, 18th Edition

This study examines payments, prices, and utilization of medical care received by injured workers in Kentucky and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Indiana, 18th Edition

This study provides a look at how medical payments per claim in the Indiana workers’ compensation system have changed following significant legislation in 2013 and 2014. In particular, House Enrolled…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Illinois, 18th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Illinois compared with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Georgia, 18th Edition

Effective May 2014, the outpatient reimbursement method in Georgia changed from an International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) based fee schedule to a Medicare…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Florida, 18th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Florida and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts,…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for California, 18th Edition

This study monitors the impact of California reform legislation, Senate Bill (SB) 863 (effective January 1, 2013), on medical payments, prices, and utilization in the state. It also compares California…

CompScope Medical Benchmarks for Louisiana, 18th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Louisiana and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts,…

Impact of Kentucky Opioid Reforms

This study examined the initial impact of Kentucky’s House Bill (HB) 1 on opioid dispensing to newly injured workers. HB 1, which went into effect on July 1, 2012, regulated pain clinics and established…

WCRI Medical Price Index for Workers’ Compensation, Ninth Edition (MPI-WC)

The increasing cost of medical care for treating injured workers has been a focus of public policymakers and system stakeholders in many states. To help them conduct meaningful comparisons of prices…

A Multistate Perspective on Physician Dispensing, 2011–2014

As of June 2017, 22 states have made legislative or regulatory changes to rules governing reimbursement for physician-dispensed pharmaceuticals. This report documents the state of physician dispensing…

Hospital Outpatient Payment Index: Interstate Variations and Policy Analysis, 6th Edition

Rising hospital costs in the treatment of injured workers have received attention from public policymakers and system stakeholders in many states. To assist in better understanding these costs, this…

Interstate Variations in Use of Opioids, 4th Edition

This report examines interstate variations and trends in the use of opioids and prescribing patterns of pain medications across 26 state workers’ compensation systems covering data from October…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Indiana, 2016 Interviews

This study updates interstate comparisons of the key outcomes achieved by injured workers in Indiana and 14 other states. It reflects a multiyear effort by WCRI to collect and examine data on the outcomes…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers, 2016 Interviews

These studies update interstate comparisons of the key outcomes achieved by injured workers in Indiana,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Wisconsin, 2016 Interviews

This study updates interstate comparisons of the key outcomes achieved by injured workers in Wisconsin and 14 other states. It reflects a multiyear effort by WCRI to collect and examine data on the…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Virginia, 2016 Interviews

This study updates interstate comparisons of the key outcomes achieved by injured workers in Virginia and 14 other states. It reflects a multiyear effort by WCRI to collect and examine data on the outcomes…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in North Carolina, 2016 Interviews

This study updates interstate comparisons of the key outcomes achieved by injured workers in North Carolina and 14 other states. It reflects a multiyear effort by WCRI to collect and examine data on…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Michigan, 2016 Interviews

This study updates interstate comparisons of the key outcomes achieved by injured workers in Michigan and 14 other states. It reflects a multiyear effort by WCRI to collect and examine data on the outcomes…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Massachusetts, 2016 Interviews

This study updates interstate comparisons of the key outcomes achieved by injured workers in Massachusetts and 14 other states. It reflects a multiyear effort by WCRI to collect and examine data on…

Adequacy of Workers’ Compensation Income Benefits in Michigan

Adequacy of income benefits is one of the long-standing concerns about the performance of workers’ compensation systems. However, we know little about whether income benefits (also called wage-loss…

WCRI FlashReport – Worker Attorney Involvement: A New Measure

The study helps inform policymakers and stakeholders about whether worker attorney involvement in their state is lower, near the middle, or higher relative to other states. It also helps facilitate…

The Effects of Provider Choice Policies on Workers’ Compensation Costs

This study provides new insights into a long-standing policy discussion over whether the choice of provider in workers’ compensation cases should be left to workers or to employers.

CompScope™ Benchmarks, 17th Edition

These comprehensive reference reports measure the performance of 18 different state workers’ compensation systems, how they compare with each other, and how they have changed over time.

The…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Wisconsin, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other stakeholders interested in the Wisconsin workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in a wide variety of workers’…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Virginia, 17th Edition

This report helps policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Virginia workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in a wide variety of performance…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Texas, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Texas workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in a wide variety of workers’…

Monitoring the North Carolina System: CompScope™ Benchmarks, 17th Edition

This study continues to monitor the effects of major legislation, House Bill (HB) 709, passed by the North Carolina legislature in 2011. It includes claims occurring up to slightly more than four years…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for New Jersey, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the New Jersey workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends for a wide variety of…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Michigan, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Michigan workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends for a wide variety of workers’…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Massachusetts, 17th Edition

The study can help policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Massachusetts workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends for a wide variety…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Louisiana, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other stakeholders interested in the Louisiana workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in a wide variety of workers’…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Kentucky, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Kentucky workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in a wide variety of workers’…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Indiana, 17th Edition

This study provides an early look at changes in the Indiana workers’ compensation system following significant legislation in 2013 and 2014 that focused on several key policy concerns. House Enrolled…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Illinois, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Illinois workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends for a wide variety of workers’…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Georgia, 17th Edition

This report helps policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Georgia workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in a wide variety of performance…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Florida, 17th Edition

This study provides meaningful comparisons between Florida and 17 other workers’ compensation systems (Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts,…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for California, 17th Edition

This study continues to monitor the impact of Senate Bill (SB) 863, a comprehensive reform legislation enacted in 2013. The reform provisions have various effective dates. The data covered in this report…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Pennsylvania, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other system stakeholders interested in the Pennsylvania workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends for a wide variety…

CompScope™ Benchmarks for Minnesota, 17th Edition

This study can help policymakers and other stakeholders interested in the Minnesota workers’ compensation system identify current cost drivers and emerging trends in a wide variety of workers’…

Monitoring Trends in the New York Workers’ Compensation System, 2005-2014

The study is the ninth annual report to regularly track key metrics of the performance of the workers’ compensation system after the implementation of the March 2007 statutory changes in New York…

Evaluation of the 2015 and 2016 Fee Schedule Changes in Delaware

This study evaluates the early impact of Delaware House Bill (HB) 373, which had a goal to reduce medical expenses in the state’s workers’ compensation system by 33 percent over three years.…

WCRI Medical Price Index for Workers’ Compensation, Eighth Edition (MPI-WC)

In recent policy debates, increasing costs of medical care for treating injured workers have been a focus of public policymakers and system stakeholders in many states. To help them conduct meaningful…

Designing Workers’ Compensation Medical Fee Schedules, 2016

The purpose of this report is to highlight some of the most important design choices that public officials face in adopting, reforming, and updating a fee schedule for physicians and to show how the…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Indiana, 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Indiana and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Illinois, 17th Edition

Recent policy discussions in Illinois have focused on reducing workers’ compensation costs and making the state more attractive to businesses. Among the areas of interest are causation of the…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Georgia, 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Georgia compared with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Florida, 17th Edition

This report examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Florida compared with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for California, 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in California compared with 17 other states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Wisconsin, 17th Edition

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Virginia, 17th Edition

This 17th edition of CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks provides information for Virginia policymakers and stakeholders on various components of workers’ compensation medical payments and on…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Texas, 17th Edition

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Pennsylvania, 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Pennsylvania and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for North Carolina, 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in North Carolina and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for New Jersey, 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in New Jersey and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Minnesota, 17th Edition

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Michigan 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Michigan and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Massachusetts, 17th Edition

This study examines medical payments, prices, and utilization in Massachusetts and compares them with 17 other states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana,…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Louisiana, 17th Edition

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks for Kentucky, 17th Edition

This is the first CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks study for Kentucky and the 17th edition of an annual study that examines payments, prices, and utilization of medical care received by injured workers…

CompScope™ Medical Benchmarks, 17th Edition

These reports can help identify changes over time in the provision of workers’ compensation medical care; detect areas where medical payments per claim, prices, or utilization may be higher or…

Hospital Outpatient Payment Index: Interstate Variations and Policy Analysis, 5th Edition

Rising hospital costs in the treatment of injured workers receives attention from public policymakers and system stakeholders in many states. To assist in better understanding these costs, this study…

Monitoring Tennessee Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Effective August 9, 2012, all pharmaceutical bills submitted for repackaged drugs in Tennessee must include the National Drug Codes (NDCs) of the original drug products used in the repackaging process;…

Impact of South Carolina Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Effective December 19, 2011, South Carolina changed the reimbursement rules for physician-dispensed drugs by capping prices paid for physician-dispensed repackaged drugs at the manufacturer’s…

Monitoring Michigan Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Effective December 26, 2012, Michigan changed the reimbursement rules to set the prices for physician-dispensed prescription drugs to 90 percent of the average wholesale price (AWP) of the original…

Monitoring Indiana Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Effective July 1, 2013, Indiana House Bill (HB) 1320 requires that the maximum reimbursement amount for a repackaged drug be computed using the average wholesale price (AWP) set by the original manufacturer…

Monitoring Illinois Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Effective November 20, 2012, Illinois adopted new rules governing the reimbursement and billing of physician-dispensed drugs. The new rules set the maximum reimbursement amount for drugs dispensed outside…

Monitoring Connecticut Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Effective July 15, 2012, Connecticut’s new Official Practitioner Fee Schedule limits the reimbursement amount for physician-dispensed repackaged drugs to the manufacturer’s average wholesale…

Impact of Georgia Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Effective April 1, 2011, Georgia changed the reimbursement rules for physician-dispensed prescriptions by capping the prices paid for repackaged drugs at the average wholesale price (AWP) of the original…

Early Impact of Florida Reforms on Physician Dispensing - July 2016

Motivated by concerns about the higher costs of physician-dispensed prescriptions in Florida, a provision of Senate Bill 662, effective July 1, 2013, requires that repackaged or relabeled prescription…

Interstate Variations in Use of Opioids, 3rd Edition

This study examines interstate variations and trends in the use of opioids and prescribing patterns of pain medications across 25 states. The study compares the amount of opioids prescribed per claim…

Longer-Term Use of Opioids, 3rd Edition

The study examines the prevalence and trends of longer-term use of opioids in 25 states and how often the services recommended by medical treatment guidelines were used for monitoring and managing chronic…

Comparing Payments to Ambulatory Surgery Centers and Hospitals, 2nd Edition

The substantial expansion of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) has attracted the attention of workers’ compensation policymakers and system stakeholders in many states. In 1996, there were about…

Payments to Ambulatory Surgery Centers, 2nd Edition

The substantial expansion of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) has attracted the attention of workers’ compensation policymakers and system stakeholders in many states. In 1996, there were about…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Wisconsin

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Wisconsin with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Virginia

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Virginia with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Tennessee

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Tennessee with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Pennsylvania

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Pennsylvania with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in North Carolina

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in North Carolina with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Minnesota

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Minnesota with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Michigan

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Michigan with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Massachusetts

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Massachusetts with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Kentucky

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Kentucky with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Iowa

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Iowa with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Indiana

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Indiana with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Georgia

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Georgia with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Florida

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Florida with 14 other states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers in Connecticut

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Connecticut with 14 other states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Comparing Outcomes for Injured Workers In Arkansas

This study compares outcomes of injured workers in Arkansas with 14 other states (Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,…

Workers’ Compensation Laws as of January 1, 2016

An essential tool for researching and understanding the distinctions among workers’ compensation laws in all U.S. states and certain Canadian provinces is now available from the International…

WCRI FlashReport – Worker Attorney Involvement: A New Measure

Will the Affordable Care Act Shift Claims to Workers’ Compensation Payors?

According to this study, hundreds of millions of dollars could shift from group health to workers’ compensation as Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) expand under the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

…

Workers’ Compensation: Where Have We Come From? Where Are We Going?

Significant changes in workers' compensation systems have occurred since 1983. Many jurisdictions implemented reforms to try to curtail rapidly rising costs and to improve worker outcomes, insurers…

Avoiding Litigation: What Can Employers, Insurers, and State Workers’ Compensation Agencies Do?

One goal of a workers’ compensation program is to deliver necessary medical care and income benefits to workers injured on the job without the uncertainty, delay, and expense of litigation. In…